Skull and Bones: An Overview
Skull and Bones, also referred to as The Order, Order 322, or The Brotherhood of Death, is a prestigious secret society at Yale University located in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1832, it is the oldest senior-class society at Yale and has become a significant cultural institution synonymous with power, influence, and an air of mystique. The society is often informally called “Bones,” and its members are known as “Bonesmen” or “Members of The Order.” Its reputation has led to various conspiracy theories regarding its influence on American politics and society.
Historical Background
Skull and Bones was founded amidst tensions between competing Yale debating societies such as Linonia, Brothers in Unity, and the Calliopean Society over the distribution of Phi Beta Kappa awards. In this context, William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft established “The Order of the Skull and Bones.” The first cohort included Russell, Taft, and thirteen additional members. In 1871, Lyman Bagg published the first detailed account of Skull and Bones in his book “Four Years at Yale,” highlighting the society’s enigmatic nature that fueled campus gossip.
Since its inception, Skull and Bones has selected new members annually during Yale’s “Tap Day,” a tradition that began in 1879. Each spring, the society chooses 15 junior class members whom they consider to be campus leaders or influential figures. This selection process contributes to the society’s status as one of the “Big Three” secret societies at Yale, alongside Scroll and Key and Wolf’s Head.
Evolution Through Time
20th Century Changes
The societal landscape of American universities began to shift significantly during the 1960s due to criticism surrounding elitism and discrimination within secret societies. In response to these pressures, Skull and Bones admitted its first black member in 1965 and welcomed the president of Yale’s gay student organization in 1975. These changes reflected broader societal transformations as Yale transitioned to coeducational status in 1969. However, Skull and Bones maintained an all-male membership until 1992.
The attempt by the class of 1971 to tap female members faced fierce opposition from alumni who deemed it a breach of tradition. This internal conflict persisted for decades until a significant moment in 1991 when seven female members were tapped for the class of 1992. This decision led to a rift within the organization, culminating in a court case initiated by alumni seeking to block the move on procedural grounds. Ultimately, after considerable debate and media attention—including coverage by The New York Times—the alumni voted to accept women into Skull and Bones.
21st Century Developments
More recently, Skull and Bones has undergone significant transformations reflective of changing societal values. By 2020, the society tapped its first entirely non-white class, indicating a shift away from its historically exclusive membership practices. Additionally, progressive activism has become an asset for potential members, with reports suggesting that the class of 2021 did not include any conservative members. These trends illustrate how Skull and Bones continues to adapt to contemporary social dynamics while maintaining its elite status.
Symbols and Traditions
The insignia of Skull and Bones is a distinctive gold badge featuring a skull supported by crossed bones, with the number “322” inscribed on its lower jaw. The significance of this number has intrigued both members and outsiders alike; it is often cited as relating to the death of Greek orator Demosthenes in 322 BC. This date marks a pivotal moment when Athens was forced into a plutocratic system following the Lamian War.
Another interpretation suggests that “322” could refer to a first Corps at an unknown German university or even connect with Freemasonic traditions tied to Lodge 322 in Suffolk, UK. Such interpretations further contribute to the enigmatic nature surrounding Skull and Bones.
Additionally, the society engages in what is colloquially known as “crooking,” where members are said to steal keepsakes from other organizations or campus buildings. This practice adds another layer of intrigue and competition among members who strive for notoriety through their achievements in ‘crooking.’ Allegations have surfaced claiming that Skull and Bones possesses items such as the skulls of historical figures including Martin Van Buren and Geronimo.
The Tomb: A Place of Gathering
The headquarters of Skull and Bones is known as “The Tomb,” located at 64 High Street in New Haven. Constructed in three phases between 1856 and 1912, The Tomb features Portland brownstone facades designed in an Egypto-Doric style, along with Gothic towers
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